Abstract
Urban sprawl—characterized by low-density, car-dependent development at the urban fringe—poses serious challenges to sustainable urban planning. While it has facilitated economic growth and housing expansion, urban sprawl often results in environmental degradation, inefficient infrastructure, and social inequality. This paper critically examines the causes and consequences of urban sprawl, contrasting it with principles of sustainable city planning such as smart growth, mixed-use development, and transit-oriented design. Using case studies from North America, Europe, and Asia, the paper explores how urban sprawl can be mitigated through integrated planning, green infrastructure, and policy reform. The research highlights the need for inclusive governance, innovative land-use regulation, and long-term vision to achieve urban sustainability in the face of rapid urbanization
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